MHF 4102 -
AXIOMATIC SET THEORY
PROJECTS 1 & 2
FALL 2011
Pick two of the following 4 topics and write a 4 to 6
page (1.5 spacing, 1” L/R margins) paper
on each of the two
topics you choose. By a 4-page paper, we mean 4 complete pages and this
includes the references. If you have
to exceed 6 pages, you may do so, but try to avoid making
the paper
too long or technical. The paper should be aimed at students with
your background
and you may
assume that the intended audience is knowledgeable about Calculus and epsilon -
delta proofs and is
familiar with the standard notations of Mathematics. The paper should be
a
continuous
essay with a blank line between paragraphs & the references not
on a separate page.
THE FOUR TOPICS :
1. The Axiom of Choice, the Banach-Tarski
Paradox, and their relevance to Mathematics.
2. Construction of the Nonstandard Real
(Hyper-real) Numbers and its applications.
3. Non-well-founded Sets (Hypersets) and a few elementary applications.
4.
Sets of Uniqueness for Trigonometric series and the origin of infinite ordinals
& cardinals.
THE
SOURCES you may wish to consult are:
Standard Encyclopedias such as Encyclopedia Brittanica & Mathematical Encyclopedias
Handbooks on
Mathematical Logic or Set Theory & Mathematical Journals
Textbooks on Set
theory, Mathematics, & Mathematical Logic
Wolfram Math
World (http://mathworld.wolfram.com/)
Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page)
Be careful with on-line information (like #5 ) as they
are not considered reliable but they can lead
you to reliable sources. The kind of things that you are expected to include in your paper are:
1.
An
introductory paragraph that describes in a non-technical way the topic under
discussion.
2.
The
history of the topic under discussion and the people involved in its solution.
3. Some details of the situation and the
standard approach to the topic
4. The key ideas or a sketch of some proofs
concerning the topic, when possible
5. Brief
mention of alternative approaches to the standard one, whenever these exists
6.
Any
applications arising from the ideas under consideration
7.
Any
unsolved problems that still remain about the topic in question.
8.
A
concluding paragraph about the significance & importance of the topic under
discussion.
9. Include at least 5
different sources & indicate where these sources were used in your essay.
You should only quote things when they
are particularly relevant, very revealing, and nicely said.
Otherwise, just express everything in your own word in the way you understand them.
ONE LAST THING – never include any statement in your paper that you do not understand.