Chapter 12: Groundwater
 
 

1.	After oceans, which of the following reservoirs contains the most water? A. atmosphere B. glaciers and polar ice C. lakes and rivers D. underground waters

 

2.	How much of the Earth's water is contained in lakes and rivers? A. approximately 0.01% B. approximately 0.1% C. approximately 1% D. approximately 10%

 

3.	With respect to the Earth's land surface, which of the following mathematical balances is correct? A. precipitation = evaporation - runoff  B. precipitation = runoff - evaporation  C. precipitation = evaporation + runoff D. precipitation = evaporation ´ runoff

 

4.

Which of the following statements regarding human activities and the hydrologic cycle is false? A. Building roads and parking lots increases the amount of infiltration. B. Use of irrigation waters in dry areas increases the amount of evaporation. C. Human contributions to global and local warming can change the balance of water in different hydrologic reservoirs. D. Runoff patterns are altered when water is diverted from one region to another.

 

5.	Layers that transmit groundwater are called ______. A. aquicludes B. aquifers C. influent streams D. unsaturated zones

 

6.

Which of the following statements regarding porosity and permeability is true? A. High porosity rocks generally have high permeability. B. High porosity rocks generally have low permeability. C. Low porosity rocks generally have high permeability. D. Porosity and permeability have identical meanings.

 

7.	Which of the following sandstones will have the highest porosity? A. a poorly sorted, cemented sandstone B. a poorly sorted, uncemented sandstone C. a well-sorted, cemented sandstone D. a well-sorted, uncemented sandstone

 

8.	Groundwater represents how much of the world's fresh water? A. about 1% B. about 5% C. about 20% D. about 50%

 

9.

Permeability is __________. A. the ability of a solid to allow fluids to pass through B. the process by which plants release water vapor to the atmosphere C. the amount of water vapor in the air relative to the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold D. the percentage of pore space in the rock

 

10.	Which of the following combinations make for the best groundwater reservoir? A. low permeability and low porosity B. low permeability and high porosity C. high permeability and low porosity D. high permeability and high porosity

 

11.

What is the difference between the saturated and unsaturated zones of groundwater? A. The saturated zone has a higher porosity than the unsaturated zone. B. The saturated zone has a lower porosity than the unsaturated zone. C. The pore spaces in the saturated zone are completely full of water; the pore spaces in the unsaturated zone are not completely full of water. D. The pore spaces in the saturated zone are not completely full of water; the pore spaces in the unsaturated zone are completely full of water.

 

12.	Streams that gain water from groundwater are called ______ streams. A. artesian B. discharge C. effluent D. influent

 

13.

Which of the following statements about the water table is true? A. The water table changes when discharge is balanced by recharge. B. The water table has the same general shape as the topography. C. The water table is well below the land surface beneath lakes. D. The water table is elevated near high volume pumping wells.

 

14.

Given the geometry of the surface and water table depicted in the cross section above, which of the following statements is true? A. The stream is gaining water from the groundwater. B. The stream is losing water to the groundwater. C. The stream is gaining water from the groundwater on the west side and losing water to the groundwater on the east side. D. The stream and the groundwater are not connected.

 

15.	R-1 Ref 12-1 The lowering of the water table near the well is called a(n) __________. A. aquiclude B. cone of depression C. influent zone D. sinkhole

 

16.	If the amount of discharge in an aquifer exceeds the amount of recharge, the groundwater table ______. A. will rise B. will drop C. will remain the same D. may rise or drop depending on the porosity

 

17.

Which of the following statements about groundwater is true? A. The steeper the water-table slope, the slower the groundwater will flow. B. Groundwater moves from areas where the water table is low to areas where the water table is high. C. The higher the permeability of an aquifer, the slower the groundwater will flow. D. Gravity drives the flow of groundwater.

 

18.	Darcy's Law states that the volume of water flowing through a cross-sectional area per time is equal to __________. A. porosity ´ hydraulic conductivity  B. porosity ´ water table slope  C. hydraulic conductivity ´ water table slope  D. porosity ´ hydraulic conductivity ´ water table slope

 

19.	In what type of rock do most caves form? A. granite B. shale C. limestone D. sandstone

 

20.	Karst topography forms in regions underlain by __________. A. basalt B. limestone C. sandstone D. shale

 

21.	Stalagmites __________. A. grow up from the floor of a cave B. hang down from the ceiling of a cave C. form in the pore spaces of a limestone D. form in sandstone fractures

 

22.	"Hard" water contains large amounts of __________. A. dissolved lead B. dissolved sodium C. dissolved calcium carbonate D. dissolved silica

 

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