Winter Quarter 2013
Thursdays 2:10-5pm..
Watkins 2145
Office 2215 Watkins
Tel: 827-4606
e-mail: david.pion@ucr.edu
This course examines the role of the armed forces
in
political society. The course is
arranged thematically, inserting case studies
into comparative issue areas of inquiry. In developed democracies such
as ours,
military compliance with civilian elites is taken for granted. But
elsewhere,
civilian control is a goal not yet realized. We will examine why the
armed
forces behave more politically in certain societies than others, and
how this
in turn relates to military factors (professional development,
corporate
interests, ideology), domestic and international contexts, governmental
behavior and societal influences.
Theories about civil-military relations, military governance,
and
transitions to democracy will be analyzed in light of historical trends
and
recent developments. A certain emphasis
will be placed on recent theories regarding civilian control over the
armed
forces. Can the new, democratic leaders of the
There is a regional emphasis in this course, with
a look at
Students will be responsible for leading a discussion on one article or chapter from a book. This will constitute a short presentation of 10-15 minutes followed by a series of questions and points intended to generate a discussion. The whole task should take about 30 minutes and will be worth 20% of your grade. There will also be midterm and final take home exams handed out in weeks five and ten, based on materials from the course. Students will have 72 hours to complete the exam and each will be worth 30% of the grade. The final 20% will be based on regular contributions to class discussion. This last requirement is taken seriously. You are in graduate school now, and are expected to contribute to discussions in class on the materials covered.
There are five required books, four of which that must be purchased, listed below
Books
Peter Feaver. Armed
Servants: Agency, Oversight and Civil-Military Relations.
David Pion-Berlin, Civil-Military
Relations in
Narcis Serra, The
Military Transition: Democratic Reform of the Armed Forces.
Brian Taylor. Politics
and the Russian Army: Civil-Military Relations, 1689-2000.
Suzanne Nielsen and Don Snider, eds. American Civil-Military Relations: The Soldier and the State in a New Era. Johns Hopkins Press, 2009.
In addition, there are article length readings assigned. Some of these have already been placed on e-reserve for you at Rivera library, and in time the rest will be as well. Go online to the library webpage, click on reserve services, type in my name and you will see the list of readings. The password is “civmil.” The titles of readings on this syllabus should match the titles listed on reserve in most cases. Books have also been placed on regular reserve (*). If a chapter cannot be found on e-reserve, it means it can be found within the books on reserve.
Conceptualizing the
Armed Forces
S. Huntington, “Officership as a Profession,” 7-18;
M. Janowitz, “Professionals in
Violence;” A. Perlmutter and V. Bennett,
“the Praetorian Army and the
Background
Samuel Huntington, The Soldier and the State: The Theory and Politics of Civil-Military Relations (Harvard U. Press, 1957)*; Morris Janowitz, The Professional Soldier: A Social and Political Portrait (The Free Press, 1960)*; S.E. Finer, Man on Horseback: The Role of the Military in Politics (Westview, 1988)*; Eric Nordlinger, Soldiers in Politics: Military Coups and Governments (Prentice-Hall, 1977)*; Bengt Abrahamsson, Military Professionalism and Political Power (Sage 1972); Timothy J. Colton Commisars, Commanders, and Civilian Authority: The Structure of Soviet Military Politics (Harvard 1979).
Classic Theorizing on
Civil-Military Relations
Background
Eric Nordlinger, Soldiers in Politics; Alfred Stepan, The Military in Politics: Changing Patterns in Brazil (Princeton 1971); Guillermo O’Donnell, Modernization and Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism (Berkeley: Institute for International Studies, 1973); J. Samuel Fitch and Abraham Lowenthal, Armies and Politics in Latin America (Holmes and Meier, 1986); Peter Feaver, “The Civil-Military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz, and the Question of Civilian Control,” Armed Forces & Society 23,2 Winter 1996.
New Theorizing on
Civil-Military Relations: Overviews and
Rational Choice Approaches
D. Pion-Berlin, Civil-Military Relations in
Background
Thomas Sowers, “Beyond the Soldier and the State” Armed Forces & Society 31,3 Spring 2005: 385-409; P. Feaver, “The Civil-Military Problematique: Huntington, Janowitz, and the Question of Civilian Control,” Armed Forces & Society 23,2 (Winter 1996): 149-78; Wendy Hunter, Eroding Military Influence in Brazil: Politicians Against Soldiers (University of North Carolina Press, 1997; Muthiah Alagappa, Coercion and Governance: The Declining Political Role of the Military in Asia (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001;
New Theorizing,
cont’d: The Structural and Institutional Approaches
Michael Desch. Civilian Control of the Military:
The Changing Security Environment, Chapters 1 and 2; Paul
Staniland,
“Explaining Civil-Military Relations in Complex Political Environments:
Background
Michael Desch. Civilian
Control of the Military: The Changing Security Environment. Johns
Hopkins
U. Press, 1999; ); Deborah Avant. Political
Institutions and Military Change: Lessons from Peripheral Wars.
Cornell,
1994; David Pion-Berlin. Through Corridors of Power:
Institutions and Civil-Military Relations in
The Military and
Eric Nordlinger, “Officers as Governors;” 109-147; Karen Remmer, Military Rule in Latin America, 3-45; Barbara Geddes, “What Do We know About Democratization After Twenty Years?,” Annual Review of Political Science, 1999, 2:115-44; Craig Arceneaux, “Introduction: An Institutional Approach to Military Rule and Transition Control.”
Background
Karen Remmer, Military Rule in Latin America
(whole
book) (Unwin Hyman 1989); Harold Crouch, The Army and Politics in
Indonesia
(Cornell, 1978); Samuel DeCalo, Coups and Army Rule in Africa:
Motivations
and Constraints (Yale, 1990); Guillermo O’Donnell, Modernization
and
Bureaucratic Authoritarianism (Institute of International Studies,
1973);
Robert Barros, Constitutionalism and Dictatorship: Pinochet, the
Junta and
the 1980 Constitution (Cambridge,
2002); William Stanley, The Protection Racket State: Elite
Politics,
Military Extortion and Civil War in El Salvador (Temple U. Press,
1996). Mary Callaghan, Making
Enemies: War and State-Building in
Take
Home Midterm – due back in 72 hours.
The Military and
Democratic Transitions: Theory and Case Study of
Narcis Serra. The Military Transition: Democratic Reform of the Armed Forces.
Read whole book.
Background
Zoltan Barany. The Soldier and the
Changing State:
Building Democratic Armies in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the
Democratic
Civilian Control: What Does it Take?
Bruneau and Tollefson. Who Guards the Guardians and How* Preface, Intro, Chpts. 1-4, 6-7, Conclusion; Andrew Cottey et al, “The Second Generation Problematic: Rethinking Democracy and Civil-Military Relations” Armed Forces & Society, 29,1 Fall 2002: 31-56; D. Pion-Berlin, “Defense Organization and Civil-Military Relations in Latin America,” Armed Forces and Society, 35,3 (April 2009) :562-86.
Background
Chris Gibson and
Don Snider, “ Civil-Military Relations and the Potential to Influence:
A Look
at National Security Decision-Making Process,” Armed forces &
Society, 25,2
(Winter 1999): 193-218; Martin Edmonds. Central Organizations of
Defense.
Westview, 1985; Michael J. Hogan; Hans Born, Philipp Flury, and A.
Johnson,
eds. Parliamentary Oversight of the Security Sector.
Civil-Military
Relations in
D. Pion-Berlin, Civil-Military Relations in
Background
Frederick Nunn, Yesterday’s
Soldiers: European Military Professionalism in South America (U.
Nebraska
1983); Brian Loveman and Thomas Davies, The Politics of
Anti-Politics: The
Military in Latin America (Scholarly Resources 1997);
Alain Rouquié The Military and the State
in Latin America (Berkeley, 1987); David Pion-Berlin, Through
Corridors
of Power: Institutions and Civil-Military
Relations in Argentina
(Penn State 1997); J. Samuel Fitch. The
Armed Forces and Democracy in
Civil-Military Relations in
Brian Taylor, Politics and the Russian Army, reread ch.1, pp. 138-340
Background
Roman Kolkowicz. The Soviet Military and the
Communist Party
(
U.S. Civil-Military Relations
Nielsen and Snider, eds. American Civil-Military Relations: The
Soldier and the State in a New Era.
Background
D. Snider, and M. Carlton-Carew, eds.
Take
Home Final - due back in 72 hours.